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  1.  
  2.  
  3.                    ** APPENDIX C ** (Preliminary Docs.)
  4.  
  5.                            Useful Macros
  6.  
  7.  
  8. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  9.                               
  10. Logical NAND gate       
  11.                        
  12.       
  13.                                        _________
  14.                            A     -----|         \
  15.                                       |          \
  16.                            B     -----|    #    &|---
  17.                                       |          /    __  _________
  18.                            C     -----|_________/\___ eo  A . B . C
  19.  
  20.  
  21. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  22.   
  23. Logical OR gate       
  24.                        
  25.       
  26.                            _           _________
  27.                            A     -----|         \
  28.                            _          |          \
  29.                            B     -----|    #    &|---
  30.                            _          |          /    __  
  31.                            C     -----|_________/\___ eo  A + B + C
  32.  
  33.  
  34. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  35.   
  36. Logical NOR gate       
  37.                        
  38.       
  39.                            _           _________
  40.                            A     -----|         \
  41.                            _          |          \    _________
  42.                            B     -----|    #    &|--- A + B + C
  43.                            _          |          /    __  
  44.                            C     -----|_________/\___ eo  
  45.  
  46.  
  47. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  48.   
  49. AND expander gate       
  50.                        
  51.                       _________
  52.           A     -----|         \
  53.                      |          \
  54.           B     -----|    #    &|-------|
  55.                      |          /    __ |
  56.           C     -----|_________/\___ eo | 
  57.                                         |
  58.                                |--------|
  59.                                |         _________
  60.                                |--------|         \
  61.                                         |          \
  62.                              D     -----|    #    &|---A . B . C . D . E
  63.                                         |          /    __  
  64.                              E     -----|_________/\___ eo  
  65.  
  66.  
  67. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  68.   
  69. OR expander gate       
  70.                        
  71.           _           _________
  72.           A     -----|         \
  73.           _          |          \    eo
  74.           B     -----|    #    &|-------
  75.           _          |          /     __
  76.           C     -----|_________/\___  eo 
  77.                                     |
  78.                                |----|
  79.                                |         _________
  80.                                |--------|         \
  81.                              _          |          \
  82.                              D     -----|    #    &|--- 
  83.                              _          |          /    __  
  84.                              E     -----|_________/\___ eo
  85.   
  86.                                                       A + B + C + D + E
  87.  
  88.  
  89. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  90.                             
  91. RS FLIP FLOP gate       
  92.                        
  93.       ___
  94.   _    |                    _          _________
  95.  (S)   |                    S    -----|         \     _
  96.                      _                |          \    Q
  97.      __       __     C    ------------|    #    &|---
  98.   _    |     |                        |          /         __  
  99.  (Q)   |_____|           |------------|_________/\_______  eo  
  100.                          |                               |     
  101.             ___          |  |----------------------------o---- Q
  102.   _          |           |  | 
  103.  (R)         |           |- | ---------------------------|
  104.                             |                            |
  105.                             |          _________         |
  106.                             |---o-----|         \        |
  107.                                 |     |          \       |
  108.                                 |-----|    #    &|---    |
  109.                              _        |          /       | __
  110.                              R   -----|_________/\_______| eo
  111.               
  112.   
  113.  
  114. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  115.                               
  116. RS FLIP FLOP gate       
  117.        (Toggle mode)                
  118.       
  119.           _                            _________
  120.   _       T  ---o---------------------|         \     _
  121.  (T)            |    _                |          \    Q
  122.   _________     |    C    ------------|    #    &|---
  123.   |   |   |     |                     |          /         __  
  124.   |   |   |     |        |------------|_________/\_______  eo  
  125.                 |        |                               |     
  126.  _     ___      |        |  |----------------------------o---- Q
  127.   |   |   |     |        |  | 
  128.   |___|   |_    |        |- | ---------------------------|
  129.   _             |           |                            |
  130.  (Q)            |           |          _________         |
  131.                 |           |---o-----|         \        |
  132.                 |               |     |          \       |
  133.                 |               |-----|    #    &|---    |
  134.                 |                     |          /       | __
  135.                 |---------------------|_________/\_______| eo
  136.  
  137.   
  138.  
  139. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  140.   
  141. Logical Exclusive OR
  142.       ____________________
  143.       |                   |
  144.       |    _________      |      _________
  145.  e1 --o---|         \     |-----|         \     
  146.       |   |          \          |          \    
  147.  e2   |---|     #    &|-  |-----|    #    &|---
  148.           |          /    |     |          /        _________ 
  149.  e3 --o---|________ /\____|-----|_________/\_______|         \  
  150.       |                   |                        |          \
  151.       |                   |      _________  _______|    #    &|---     
  152.       |                   |-----|         \/   |___|          /
  153.       |                   |     |          \       |_________/\___
  154.       |                   |-----|    #    &|---    
  155.       |                         |          /                   e1 (+) e3
  156.       |-------------------------|_________/
  157.  
  158.   
  159.  
  160. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  161.   
  162. Inverse LOG (Base E)               
  163.                                         ___________
  164.                               e1  -----|          /\
  165.                                        |    #    /  \    eo
  166.                                        |--------|   Y>---o------->
  167.                               e2       |         \  /    |    -1
  168.                        |---------------|__________\/     | log  e1
  169.                        |                  O     O        |
  170.                        |                  P1    P2       |
  171.                        |                                 |
  172.                        |                            _____|_____
  173.                        |                            |         |
  174.                        |                            |    V    |
  175.                        |                            |         |
  176.                        |                            |---------|
  177.                        |         __________          \   #   /
  178.                        |       /|          |          \     /          
  179.                        |      / |          |           \   /
  180.                        |---- < E|     #    |            \_/
  181.                               \ |          |_____________|
  182.                                \|__________|
  183.                        
  184.                       
  185. -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  186.  
  187. Assync. Triangular/ Square
  188.  Wave generator
  189.  
  190.  
  191.                                             P1/IC = -1.0001
  192.                                         __O________           \    /\
  193.                           (4/p)     ---|          |\           \  /  \
  194.                                   e2   |          | \           \/    \/
  195.    |----------------------------------O|     #    | I>----- eo  |<--p-->|
  196.    |                               P2  |          | /    
  197.    |                                --O|__________|/\    
  198.    |                               P3                \__   
  199.    |                                                    |
  200.    |                                  ___________       |
  201.    |                                 |         __|______|__
  202.    |                                 |         \          /
  203.    |                                 |          \    #   /
  204.    |                                 |           \      /
  205.    |                                 |            \    /
  206.    |               __________________|             \ +/
  207.    |              |               __________        \/
  208.    |              |             /|          |       |
  209.    |              |            / |          |  e1   |
  210.    |--------------o-----------|B |     #    |-------|
  211.                                \ |          |     
  212.                         /       \|__________|
  213.                T    ____ 
  214.                    |   |   |
  215.                    |   |___|
  216.                F   
  217.  
  218.                    |<--p-->|
  219.  
  220. -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  221.  
  222. Assync. Sawtooth/ Pulse
  223.  Wave generator
  224.  
  225.  
  226.                                             P1/IC = -1.0001
  227.                                         __O________       \  |\  |\
  228.                                e1 -----|          |\       \ | \ | \
  229.       ____________      4/p1      e2   |          | \       \|  \|  \
  230.      |            |\          |-------O|     #    | I>----- eo   ||<p2>|
  231.    __|            | \ ________|     P2 |          | /            p1
  232.    | |     #      |N/           e3|---O|__________|/\    
  233.    | |____________|/              | P3               \__   
  234.    |  ____________         4/p    |                     |
  235.    | |            |\              |   ___________       |
  236.    |_|            | \ ____________|  |         __|______|__
  237.    | |     #      |P/                |         \          /
  238.    | |____________|/                 |          \    #   /
  239.    |                                 |           \      /
  240.    |                                 |            \    /
  241.    |               __________________|             \ +/
  242.    |              |               __________        \/
  243.    |              |             /|          |       |
  244.    |              |            / |          |  e1   |
  245.    |--------------o-----------|B |     #    |-------|
  246.                                \ |          |     
  247.                                 \|__________|
  248.                T  _ _____ _
  249.                    |     |
  250.                    |     |
  251.                F
  252.                p1->||<p2>|
  253. -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  254.  
  255. Maximum Value
  256.                 ___________________________
  257.                |                           |
  258.                | e1    _________           |  e1  __________
  259.     input  ----o------|         \          |------|         |\
  260.                       |          \                |         | \   output
  261.                       |    #    B|---------|      |    #    | Z>---o-->
  262.                  e2   |          /    __   |      |         | /    |
  263.                |------|_________/\___ eo   |  e2  |_________|/     |
  264.                |                           |_________|    O        |
  265.                |                                         P1= below |
  266.                |                                              max. |
  267.                |___________________________________________________|
  268.  
  269.  
  270. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  271.  
  272. Minimum Value      
  273.                                        
  274.                 ___________________________
  275.                |                           |
  276.                | e2    _________           |  e1  __________
  277.     input  ----o------|         \          |------|         |\
  278.                       |          \                |         | \   output
  279.                       |    #    B|---------|      |    #    | Z>---o-->
  280.                  e1   |          /    __   |      |         | /    |
  281.                |------|_________/\___ eo   |  e2  |_________|/     |
  282.                |                           |_________|    O        |
  283.                |                                         P1= above |
  284.                |                                              min. |
  285.                |___________________________________________________|
  286.  
  287.  
  288.                   
  289. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  290.                               [end]
  291.  
  292.